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| 1 8 . $ p o u s p m m f e 4 u f q 6 q % $ % $ $ p o u s p m m f s t 4 f s j f t 387 4 the xc9101 series are step-up multiple current and voltage feedback dc/dc controller ics. current sense, clock frequencies and amp feedback gain can all be externally regulated. a stable power supply is possible with output currents of up to 1.5a. with output voltage fixed internally, v out is selectable in 0.1v steps within a 2.5v - 16.0v range ( 2.5%). for output voltages outside this range, we recommend the fb version which has a 0.9v internal reference voltage. using this version, the required output voltage can be set-up using 2 external resistors. switching frequencies can also be set-up externally within a range of 100~600 khz and therefore frequencies suited to your particular application can be selected. with the current sense function, peak currents (which flow through the driver transistor and the coil) can be controlled. soft-start time can be adjusted using external resistor and capacitor. during shutdown (ce pin =l), consumption current can be reduced to as little as 0.5 a (typ.) or less. ( f o f s b m % f t d s j q u j p o stable operations via current & voltage multiple feedback unlimited options for peripheral selection current protection circuit ceramic capacitor compatible mobile, cordless phones palm top computers, pdas portable games cameras, digital cameras laptops ' f b u v s f t " q q m j d b u j p o t input voltage range : 2.5v ~ 20v output voltage range : 2.5v ~ 16v (fixed voltage type) : 30v + (adjustable type) oscillation frequency range : 100khz ~ 600khz output current : up to 1.5a ceramic capacitor compatible msop-8a package 7 * / 7 7 7 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " & g g j d j f o d z & ' ' * $ - , & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ & 4 4 7 0 6 5 ( " * / 7 t t 6 ' 8 + / n ) ' ' l ' ' , 9 1 " 1 3 q ' q ' ' 5 z q j d b m " q q m j d b u j p o $ j s d v j u 5 z q j d b m 1 f s g p s n b o d f $ i b s b d u f s j t u j d 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 388 4 1 j o $ p o g j h v s b u j p o 1 s p e v d u $ m b t t j g j d b u j p o ordering information & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ &? 4 4 $ $? ( " * / $ - , 7 0 6 5 ? ' # 7 4 4 . 4 0 1 " 5 0 1 7 * & 8 - % * 4 * ( / " 5 0 3 4 : . # 0 - 4 p g u t u b s u $ 7 0 6 5 ' j y f e 7 p m u b h f 5 z q f % / v n c f s ' # " " e k v t u b c m f ' s f r v f o d z , 3 & n c p t t f e u b q f 4 u b o e b s e ' f f e & n c p t t f e u b q f 3 f w f s t f ' f f e - 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f ' p s w p m u b h f t b c p w f 7 t f f c f m p x " # $ % & ' ) f h 7 0 6 5 7 w e 7 0 6 5 7 w % e ' # q s p e v d u t w e g j y f e 4 p g u t u b s u f y u f s o b m m z t f u v q 4 p g u t u b s u f y u f s o b m m z t f u v q 7 0 6 5 ' # . 4 0 1 " 5 i f t u b o e b s e p v u q v u w p m u b h f t p g u i f 9 $ $ t f s j f t b s f 7 7 b o e 7 7 p m u b h f t p u i f s u i b o u i p t f m j t u f e b s f t f n j d v t u p n qwerty q y t r we 1 j o " t t j h o n f o u 1 * / / 6 . # & 3 1 * / / " . & ' 6 / $ 5 * 0 / & 9 5 % s j w f s * t f o $ v s s f o u 4 f o t f 7 * / 1 p x f s * o q v u $ &? 4 4 $ & 4 p g u 4 u b s u $ - , $ m p d l * o q v u $ $? ( " * / 1 i b t f $ p n q f o t b u j p o 7 0 6 5 ? ' # 7 p m u b h f 4 f o t f 7 4 4 ( s p v o e 1 b d l b h j o h * o g p s n b u j p o msop-8a ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 389 4 . b s l j o h q 3 f q s f t f o u t u i f q s p e v d u t f s j f t w 3 f q s f t f o u t q s p e v d u u z q f % $ % $ d p o w f s u f s e 3 f q s f t f o u t j o u f h s b m o v n c f s p g p v u q v u w p m u b h f p s ' # u z q f r 3 f q s f t f o u t e f d j n b m o v n c f s p g p v u q v u w p m u b h f t 3 f q s f t f o u t p t d j m m b u j p o g s f r v f o d z t d p o u s p m u z q f % & 4 * ( / " 5 0 3 1 3 0 % 6 $ 5 / " . & 9 $ " , % & 4 * ( / " 5 0 3 $ 1 3 0 % 6 $ 5 / " . & 9 $ $ " , % 5 : 1 & 7 0 6 5 $ & 1 * / ' # $ & 1 * / 9 $ % " , 1 3 0 % 6 $ 5 / " . & 7 0 - 5 " ( & 7 9 9 $ $ " , 9 9 $ $ " , 9 9 $ $ " , 9 9 $ $ " , 9 9 $ $ " , 9 9 $ $ " , 9 9 $ $ " , 9 9 $ $ " , ' # q s p e v d u t 9 $ % " , " 1 3 0 % 6 $ 5 / " . & 9 $ $ " " , # 9 9 9 $ $ # " , $ 9 9 $ $ $ " , % 9 9 $ $ % " , & 9 9 $ $ & " , ' 9 9 $ $ ' " , ) 9 9 $ $ ) " , % & 4 * ( / " 5 0 3 1 3 0 % 6 $ 5 / " . & 9 $ $ " , 7 0 - 5 " ( & 7 9 9 9 $ $ " , ' # q s p e v d u t 9 $ % " , % & 4 * ( / " 5 0 3 " 1 3 0 % 6 $ 5 / " . & 9 $ " , 5 : 1 & " e k v t u b c m f ' s f r v f o d z % & 4 * ( / " 5 0 3 % & 4 * ( / " 5 0 3 7 0 - 5 " ( & 7 . 4 0 1 " ? ? ? ? ? ? 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 390 4 " c t p m v u f . b y j n v n 3 b u j o h t # m p d l % j b h s b n & 9 5 * 4 & / 7 * / $ & 4 4 7 4 4 7 0 6 5 $ $ ( " * / $ - , 3 b n q 8 b w f * o u f s o b m $ - , h f o f s b u p s $ i j q & o b c m f 4 p g u 4 u b s u v q 6 7 - 0 7 f s s 1 8 . * f s s * o u f s o b m 7 p m u b h f 3 f h v m b u p s & 9 5 u j n n j o h d p o u s p m m m p h j d $ v s s f o u - j n j u 1 s p u f d u j p o - j n j u u f s d p n q 7 s f g h f o f s b u p s $ & 6 7 - 0 u p j o u f s o b m d j s d v j u 7 4 b n q m j o h 3 3 . * 9 7 u p j o u f s o b m d j s d v j u 1 " 3 " . & 5 & 3 & 9 5 1 j o 7 p m u b h f * t f o 1 j o 7 p m u b h f 7 * / 1 j o 7 p m u b h f $ & 4 4 1 j o 7 p m u b h f $ - , 1 j o 7 p m u b h f $ $ ( " * / 1 j o 7 p m u b h f 7 0 6 5 ' # 1 j o 7 p m u b h f & 9 5 1 j o $ v s s f o u $ p o u j o v p v t 5 p u b m 1 p x f s % j t t j q b u j p o 0 q f s b u j o h " n c j f o u 5 f n q f s b u v s f 4 u p s b h f 5 f n q f s b u v s f 4 : . # 0 - 3 " 5 * / ( 4 6 / * 5 4 ? + 7 & 9 5 7 * t f o 7 * / 7 $ & 7 $ - , 7 0 6 5 ' # * & 9 5 5 t u h ? 7 % % ? ? ? 7 % % ? ? ? + + + + + n " 1 e n 8 5 p q s ? ? ? 5 b ? 7 $ $ ? 7 % % + 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 391 4 & m f d u s j d b m $ i b s b d u f s j t u j d t xc9101c33akr 7 * / 7 v o m f t t t q f d j g j f e & ' ' * \ < 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u > < * o q v u 7 p m u b h f * o q v u $ v s s f o u > ^ 5 i f d b q b d j u z s b o h f p g u i f d b q b d j u p s v t f e u p t f u u i f f y u f s o b m $ - , g s f r v f o d z j t ~ q ' 5 b ? 4 : . # 0 - $ 0 / % * 5 * 0 / 4 . * / 5 : 1 . " 9 6 / * 5 4 7 * / n b y 7 0 6 5 7 * / n j o * % % * 4 5 # ' 0 4 $ ? ' 0 4 $ ? 7 * / k ' 0 4 $ ? ' 0 4 $ ? 5 p q sk ' 0 4 $ . " 9 % 5 : . * / % 5 : * - * . * * 4 & / * $ & ) * $ & - 7 $ & ) 7 * / 7 7 0 6 5 $ & 4 f u 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f 7 7 * / 7 $ & 7 * / 7 0 6 5 4 f u 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f 1.05v 7 * / 7 $ & 7 0 6 5 7 4 4 3 5 l $ 5 q ' 7 * / 7? 7 5 p q s ? ? 7 * / 7 * 0 6 5 n " 7 0 6 5 4 f u 7 p m u b h f 0.95v 7 0 6 5 4 f u 7 p m u b h f 7 7 * / q j o w p m u b h f * 4 & / q j o w p m u b h f 7 * / 7 * 4 & / 7 $ & 7 * / 7 7 0 6 5 7 $ & 7 7 * / 7 7 0 6 5 7 & y j t u f o d f p g $ - , 0 t d j m m b u j p o 7 0 6 5 7 $ & 7 p m u b h f b q q m j f e % j t b q q f b s b o d f p g $ - , 0 t d j m m b u j p o 7 0 6 5 7 $ & 7 p m u b h f b q q m j f e & 9 5 7 * / 7 $ & 7 * / 7 7 0 6 5 4 f u w p m u b h f 7 & 9 5 7 $ & 7 * / 7 7 0 6 5 4 f u w p m u b h f $ p o o f d u $ 4 4 b o e 3 4 4 $ & 7 7 ? ? 7 7 7 " " " l ) [ n 7 " " " 7 7 $ & - 7 3 & 9 5 ) 3 & 9 5 - & ' ' * 5 4 4 n t 3 $ $ ( " * / l $ * 3 $ 6 * 5 4 q q q w w w e e e r r y y t t t t r r q q u * % % 1 " 3 " . & 5 & 3 . b y j n v n 0 q f s b u j o h 7 p m u b h f . j o j n v n 0 q f s b u j o h 7 p m u b h f 4 v q q m z $ v s s f o u 4 u b o e c z $ v s s f o u ' s f r v f o d z 5 f n q f s b u v s f ' m v d u v b u j p o . b y j n v n % v u z $ z d m f 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f $ - , 0 t d j m m b u j p o ' s f r v f o d z ' s f r v f o d z * o q v u 4 u b c j m j u z $ v s s f o u - j n j u f s 7 p m u b h f * 4 & / $ v s s f o u $ & ) j h i $ v s s f o u $ & - p x $ v s s f o u $ & ) j h i 7 p m u b h f $ & - p x 7 p m u b h f & 9 5 ) j h i 0 / 3 f t j t u b o d f & 9 5 - p x 0 / 3 f t j t u b o d f & g g j d j f o d z 4 p g u 4 u b s u 5 j n f $ $ ( " * / 1 j o 0 v u q v u * n q f e b o d f 4 v q q m z $ v s s f o u . j o j n v n % v u z $ z d m f 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 392 4 xc9101c50akr 7 * / 7 v o m f t t t q f d j g j f e & ' ' * \ < 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f ( 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u > < * o q v u 7 p m u b h f * o q v u $ v s s f o u > ^ 5 i f d b q b d j u z s b o h f p g u i f d b q b d j u p s v t f e u p t f u u i f f y u f s o b m $ - , g s f r v f o d z j t ~ q ' 5 b ? symbol conditions units 7 * / n b y 7 0 6 5 7 * / n j o * % % * 4 5 # ' 0 4 $ ? ' 0 4 $ ? 7 * / k ' 0 4 $ ? ' 0 4 $ ? 5 p q sk ' 0 4 $ . " 9 % 5 : . * / % 5 : * - * . * * 4 & / * $ & ) * $ & - 7 $ & ) 7 * / 7 7 0 6 5 $ & 4 f u 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f 0.95v 7 * / 7 $ & 7 * / 7 0 6 5 set output voltage 1.05v 7 * / 7 $ & 7 0 6 5 7 4 4 3 5 l $ 5 q ' 7 * / 7? 7 5 p q s ? ? 7 * / 7 * 0 6 5 n " 7 0 6 5 set voltage 0.95v 7 0 6 5 set voltage 7 7 * / pin voltage * 4 & / pin voltage 7 * / 7 * 4 & / 7 $ & 7 * / 7 7 0 6 5 7 $ & 7 7 * / 7 7 0 6 5 7 existence of clk oscillation, v 0 6 5 =0v, ce : voltage applied disappearance of clk oscillation, 7 0 6 5 =0v, ce : voltage applied & 9 5 7 * / 7 $ & 7 * / 7 v 0 6 5 =set voltage 0.95v & 9 5 7 $ & 7 * / 7 v 0 6 5 =set voltage 1.05v connect c 4 4 and r 4 4 , ce : 0v 3.0v ? ? 7 7 7 " " " l ) [ n 7 " " " 7 7 $ & - 7 3 & 9 5 ) 3 & 9 5 - & ' ' * 5 4 4 n t 3 $ $ ( " * / l circuits q q q w w w e e e r r y y t t t t r r q q u * % % . * / 5 : 1 . " 9 parameter maximum operating voltage minimum operating voltage supply current 1 stand-by current frequency temperature fluctuation maximum duty cycle minimum duty cycle output voltage clk oscillation frequency frequency input stability current limiter voltage * 4 & / current ce "high" current ce "low" current ce "high" voltage ce "low" voltage ext "high" on resistance ext "low" on resistance efficiency soft-start time cc/gain pin output impedance supply current 2 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 393 4 xc9101d09akr 7 * / 7 v o m f t t t q f d j g j f e & y u f s o b m $ p n q p o f o u t 3 ' # l ? 3 ' # l ? $ ' # q ' & ' ' * \ < 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u > < * o q v u 7 p m u b h f * o q v u $ v s s f o u > ^ 5 i f d b q b d j u z s b o h f p g u i f d b q b d j u p s v t f e u p t f u u i f f y u f s o b m $ - , g s f r v f o d z j t ~ q ' 5 b ? 4 : . # 0 - $ 0 / % * 5 * 0 / 4 6 / * 5 4 7 * / n b y 7 0 6 5 7 * / n j o * % % * 4 5 # ' 0 4 $ ? ' 0 4 $ ? 7 * / k ' 0 4 $ ? ' 0 4 $ ? 5 p q sk ' 0 4 $ . " 9 % 5 : . * / % 5 : * - * . * * 4 & / * $ & ) * $ & - 7 $ & ) 7 * / 7 7 * / $ & ' # 7 7 * / 7 $ & 7 * / 7 0 6 5 7 7 * / 7 $ & ' # 7 4 4 3 5 l $ 5 q ' 7 * / 7? 7 5 p q s ? ? 7 * / 7 * 0 6 5 n " 7 0 6 5 7 7 0 6 5 7 7 * / q j o w p m u b h f * 4 & / q j o w p m u b h f 7 * / 7 * 4 & / 7 $ & 7 * / 7 ' # 7 $ & 7 7 * / 7 ' # 7 & y j t u f o d f p g $ - , 0 t d j m m b u j p o 7 0 6 5 7 $ & 7 p m u b h f b q q m j f e % j t b q q f b s b o d f p g $ - , 0 t d j m m b u j p o 7 0 6 5 7 $ & 7 p m u b h f b q q m j f e & 9 5 7 * / 7 $ & 7 * / 7 0 6 5 4 f u w p m u b h f 7 & 9 5 7 $ & 7 * / 7 0 6 5 4 f u w p m u b h f 7 $ p o o f d u $ 4 4 b o e 3 4 4 $ & 7 7 ? ? 7 7 7 " " " l ) [ n 7 " " " 7 7 $ & - 7 3 & 9 5 ) 3 & 9 5 - & ' ' * 5 4 4 n t 3 $ $ ( " * / l $ * 3 $ 6 * 5 4 q q q w w w e e e r r y y t t t t r r q q u * % % . * / 5 : 1 . " 9 1 " 3 " . & 5 & 3 . b y j n v n 0 q f s b u j o h 7 p m u b h f . j o j n v n 0 q f s b u j o h 7 p m u b h f 4 v q q m z $ v s s f o u 4 u b o e c z $ v s s f o u ' s f r v f o d z 5 f n q f s b u v s f ' m v d u v b u j p o . b y j n v n % v u z $ z d m f . j o j n v n % v u z $ z d m f 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f $ - , 0 t d j m m b u j p o ' s f r v f o d z ' s f r v f o d z * o q v u 4 u b c j m j u z $ v s s f o u - j n j u f s 7 p m u b h f * 4 & / $ v s s f o u $ & ) j h i $ v s s f o u $ & - p x $ v s s f o u $ & ) j h i 7 p m u b h f $ & - p x 7 p m u b h f & 9 5 ) j h i 0 / 3 f t j t u b o d f & 9 5 - p x 0 / 3 f t j t u b o d f & g g j d j f o d z 4 p g u 4 u b s u 5 j n f $ $ ( " * / 1 j o 0 v u q v u * n q f e b o d f 4 v q q m z $ v s s f o u 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 394 4 5 z q j d b m " q q m j d b u j p o $ j s d v j u t xc9101c33akr 7 ' 0 4 ' b o z 7 4 4 7 0 6 5 $ $ ( " * / ? l q ' q ' $ - , ) & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ & 4 4 ' 4 % ' 7 n / . 0 4 l ' 7 ' 0 4 ' b o z 7 4 4 7 0 6 5 $ $ ( " * / ? l q ' q ' $ - , ) & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ & 4 4 ' 4 % ' 7 n / . 0 4 l ' nmos : xp161a1355pr coil : 22 h(cr105 sumida) resistor : 20m ? for isen (npr1 koa), 33k ? (trimmer) for clk, 100k ? for ss capacitors : 180pf(ceramic) for clk, 470pf(ceramic) for cc/gain, 0.1 f(ceramic) for ss,1 f(ceramic) for bypass 47 f(os)+220 f(any) for cl, 220 f(any) for c in sd : u3fwj44n (toshiba) xc9101c50akr nmos : xp161a1355pr coil : 22 h(cr105 sumida) resistor : 20m ? for isen (npr1 koa), 33k ? (trimmer) for clk, 100k ? for ss capacitors : 180pf(ceramic) for clk, 470pf(ceramic) for cc/gain, 0.1 f(ceramic) for ss,1 f(ceramic) for bypass 47 f(os)+220 f(any) for cl, 220 f(any) for c in sd : u3fwj44n (toshiba) 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 395 4 xc9101d09akr ' 0 4 ' b o z 7 4 4 ' # $ $ ( " * / ? l q ' q ' 3 ' # 3 ' # $ ' # $ - , ) & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ & 4 4 ' 4 % ' n / . 0 4 l ' nmos : xp161a11a1pr coil : 22 h(cdrh127 sumida) resistor : 10m ? for isen (npr1 koa), 33k ? (trimmer) for clk, 150k ? for ss capacitors : 180pf(ceramic) for clk, 470pf(ceramic) for cc/gain, 0.1 f(ceramic) for ss,1 f(ceramic) for bypass 47 f(os)+220 f(any) for cl, 220 f(any) for c in sd : u5fwj44n (toshiba) v out : 16v rfb1 : 560k ? rfb2 : 33k ? cfb : 27pf v out : 20v rfb1 : 470k ? rfb2 : 22k ? cfb : 33pf 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 396 4 0 v u q v u t j h o b m u p & 9 5 q j o 1 8 . 1 ' . t x j u d i j o h t j h o b m % $ - , 2 1 8 . 1 ' . t x j u d i j o h t j h o b m $ - , t z o d t j h o b m - j n j u f s t j h o b m 3 & 4 & 5 0 q f s b u j p o b m & y q m b o b u j p o step-up dc/dc converter controllers of the xc9101 series carry out pulse width modulation (pwm) according to the multiple feedback signals of the output voltage and coil current. the internal circuits consist of different blocks that operate at v in or the stabilized power (2.0 v) of the internal regulator. the output setting voltage of the type c controller and the fb pin voltage (vref = 0.9 v) of type d controller have been adjusted and set by laser-trimming. functional settings 1. soft start ce and soft start (ss) functions are commonly assigned to the ce/ss pin. the soft start function is effective until the voltage at the ce pin reaches approximately 1.55 v rising from 0 v. soft start time is approximated by the equation below according to values of vcont, rss, and css. t = -css rss ln((vcont - 1.55)/vcont) example: when c ss = 0.1 f, r ss = 470 k ? , and vcont = 5 v, t = -0.1 e -6 470 e 3 ln ((5 - 1.55)/5) = 17.44 ms. set the soft start time to a value sufficiently longer than the period of a clock pulse. > circuit example 1: n-ch open drain > circuit example 2: cmos logic (low current dissipation) > circuit example 3: cmos logic (low current dissipation), quick off $ & 4 4 q j o < * o t j e f u i f * $ > 7 d p o u $ t t $ & 6 7 - 0 7 s f g d j s d v j u 5 p 7 f s s b n q m j g j f s 3 t t $ & 4 4 q j o < * o t j e f u i f * $ > $ t t 3 t t 0 / 0 ' ' t j h o b m 7 d p o u $ & 4 4 q j o < * o t j e f u i f * $ > $ t t 3 t t 0 / 0 ' ' t j h o b m 7 d p o u $ & 4 4 q j o < * o t j e f u i f * $ > $ t t 3 t t 0 / 0 ' ' t j h o b m 7 d p o u 9 $ 4 f s j f t 397 4 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 398 4 2. oscillation frequency the oscillation frequency of the internal clock generator is approximated by the following equation according to the values of the capacitor and resistor attached to the clk pin. to stablize the ic's operation, set the oscillation frequency within a range of 100khz to 600khz. select a value for cclk within a range of 150pf to 220pf and fix the frequency based on the value for rclk. f = 1/(-cclk rclk ln0.26) example: when cclk = 220 pf and rclk = 10 k ? , f = 1/(-220e -12 10e 3 ln(0.26)) = 337.43 khz. 3. gain and frequency characteristics of the verr amplifier the gain at output and frequency characteristics of the verr amplifier are adjusted by the values of the capacitor and resistor attached to the cc/gain pin. it is generally recommended to attach a cc of 220 to 1,000 pf without rgain. the greater the cc value, the more stable the phase and the slower the transient response. when using the ic with rgain connected, it should be noted that if the rgain resistance value is too high, abnormal oscillation may occur during transient response time. the size of rgain should be carefully evaluated before connection. 4. current limit the current limit value is approximated by the following equation according to resistor rsen inserted between the v in and isen pins. double function, current fb input and current limiting, is assigned to the isen pin. the current limiting value is approximated by the following equation according to the value for rsen. ilpeak_limit = 0.15/rsen example: when rsen = 100 m ? , ilpeak_limit = 0.15/0.1 = 1.5 a the inside error ampliphier sends feedback signal when the voltage occurs at rsen resisitors because of the flow of coil current in order to phase compensate. the more the rsen value becomes larger, the more the error signal becomes bigger, and it could lead to an in termittent oscillation. please be careful if there is a problem with the application. when the regular operation, the voltage which occurs between rsen resistors because of coil peak should be set lower than the current limit voltage of 90mv (min.). for more details, please refer the notes on the external components. $ - , q j o < * o t j e f u i f * $ > 3 d m l $ - , ( f o f s b u f s $ d m l < * o t j e f u i f * $ > 7 f s s $ $ ( " * / q j o 3 ( " * / $ $ 7 0 6 5 ' # 7 s f g 3 7 f s s < * o t j e f u i f * $ > 3 t f o 7 * / q j o * t f o q j o - j n j u f s t j h o b m $ p n q b s b u p s x j u i < 7 p g g t f u 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 399 4 5. fb voltage and cfb with regard to the xc9101d series, the output voltage is set by attaching externally divided resistors. the output voltage is determined by the equation shown below according to the values of rfb1 and rfb2. in general, the sum of rfb1 and rfb2 should be 1 meg ? or less. v out = 0.9 (rfb1 + rfb2)/rfb2 the value of cfb (phase compensation capacitor) is approximated by the following equation according to the values of rfb1 and fzfb. the value of fzfb should be 10 khz, as a general rule. cfb = 1/(2 rfb1 fzfb) example: when rfb1 = 455 k ? and rfb2 = 100 k ? : v out = 0.9 (455 k + 100 k)/100 k = 4.995 v : cfb = 1/(2 455 k 10 k) = 34.98 pf < * o t j e f u i f * $ > ' # q j o 3 g c 3 g c 7 f s s b n q m j g j f s 7 $ g c 0 v u q v u w p m u b h f 7 f s s % j s f d u j p o t g p s v t f application notes 1. the xc9101 series are designed for use with an output ceramic capacitor. if, however, the potential difference between input and output is too large, a ceramic capacitor may fail to absorb the resulting high switching energy and oscillation could occur on the output side. if the input-output potential difference is large, connect an electrolytic capacitor in parallel to compensate for insufficient capacitance. 2. the ext pin of the xc9101 series is designed to minimize the through current that occurs in the internal circuitry. however, the gate drive of external pmos has a low impedance for the sake of speed. therefore, if the input voltage is high and the bypass capacitor is attached away from the ic, the charge/discharge current to the external pmos may lead to unstable operations due to switching operation of the ext pin. as a solution to this problem, place the bypass capacitor as close to the ic as possible, so that voltage variations at the v in and v ss pins caused by switching are minimized. if this is not effective, insert a resistor of several to several tens of ohms between the ext pin and pmos gate. remember that the insertion of a resistor slows down the switching speed and may result in reduced efficiency. 3. a pnp transistor can be used in place of pmos. if using a pnp transistor, insert a resistor (rb) and capacitor (cb) between the ext pin and the base of the pnp transistor in order to limit the base current without slowing the switching speed. adjust rb in a range of 500 ? to 1 k ? according to the load and hfe of the transistor. use a ceramic capacitor for cb, complying with cb 1/(2 rb fosc 0.7), as a rule. 4. although the c_clk connection capacitance range is from 150 ~ 220pf, the most suitable value for maximum stability is around 180pf. < * o t j e f u i f * $ > 7 * / & 9 5 q j o 3 c $ c 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 400 4 recommended pattern layout q in order to stablize v dd 's voltage level, we recommend that a by-pass capacitor (c dd ) be connected as close as possible to the v in & v ss pins. w in order to stablize the gnd voltage level which can fluctuate as a result of switching, we suggest that c_clk's, r_clk's & c_gain's gnd be separated from power gnd and connected as close as possible to the v ss pin (by-pass capacitor, c dd ). please use a multi layer board and check the wiring carefully. pattern layout examples xc9101d series 2 layer evaluation board 1 p x f s ( / % * $ ( / % 7 % % - j o f 5 i s p v h i ) p m f 3 ' # 3 ' # $ ' # $ - $ @ ( " * / 3 @ $ - , $ @ $ - , $ % % - / . 0 4 3 4 & / 4 % 7 * / $ * / $ @ 4 4 3 @ 4 4 5 i s p v h i ) p m f 3 @ $ - , $ @ $ - , $ @ ( " * / 3 ' # y ( / % 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 401 4 notes ensure that the absolute maximum ratings of the external components and the xc9101 dc/dc ic itself are not exceeded. we recommend that sufficient counter measures are put in place to eliminate the heat that may be generated by the external n-mosfet as a result of switching losses. try to use a n-mosfet with as small a gate capacitance as possible in order to avoid overly large output spike voltages that may occur (such spikes occur in proportion to gate capacitance). the performance of the xc9101 dc/dc converter is greatly influenced by not only its own characteristics, but also by those of the external components it is used with. we recommend that you refer to the specifications of each component to be used and take sufficient care when selecting components. wire external components as close to the ic as possible and use thick, short connecting wires to reduce wiring impedance. in p articular, minimize the distance between the by-pass capacitor and the ic. make sure that the gnd wiring is as strong as possible as variations in ground potential caused by ground current at the time of switching may result in unstable operation of the ic. specifically, strengthen the ground wiring in the proximity of the v ss pin. 1 p x f s ( / % * $ ( / % 7 % % - j o f 3 ' # $ - 3 ' # $ ' # $ % % - / . 0 4 4 % 7 * / $ * / $ @ 4 4 3 @ 4 4 3 4 & / $ @ ( " * / $ @ $ - , 3 @ $ - , 1 layer evaluation board 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 402 4 5 f t u $ j s d v j u t ) n / . 0 4 4 % ' ' ' 3 @ 4 4 $ - , & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ & 4 4 7 0 6 5 ( " * / 7 t t , q ' q ' ' 3 - 7 y 9 $ $ " 3 @ 4 4 l $ 4 4 ' 9 $ $ " 3 @ 4 4 l $ 4 4 ' ~ ' j h q 7 0 6 5 5 z q f 3 - 7 ' q ' 3 ' # q ' , $ ' # 3 ' # $ - , & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ & 4 4 ' # ( " * / 7 t t / . 0 4 4 % ) n 3 @ 4 4 ' ' ' ~ ' j h q ' # 5 z q f " , q ' $ - , & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ & 4 4 ( " * / 7 t t ' 7 0 6 5 ' # ~ ' j h w $ - , & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ & 4 4 ( " * / 7 t t 7 0 6 5 ' # , q ' ' ~ ' j h e 0 4 $ $ - , & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ & 4 4 ( " * / 7 t t 7 0 6 5 ' # 0 4 $ , q ' ' ~ ' j h r $ - , & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ & 4 4 ( " * / 7 t t 7 0 6 5 ' # , q ' ' " 7 7 ~ ' j h t $ - , & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ & 4 4 ( " * / 7 t t 7 0 6 5 ' # , ' 7 " q ' ~ ' j h y $ - , & 9 5 * t f o 7 * / $ & 4 4 ( " * / 7 t t 7 0 6 5 ' # ' . 7 ~ ' j h u 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 403 4 5 z q j d b m 1 f s g p s n b o d f $ i b s b d u f s j t u j d t xc9101d09akr (1) output voltage vs. output current 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f 7 0 6 5 7 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " 7 * / 7 7 - ) $ * / ' & m f d u s p m z u j d ' $ f s b n j d $ - ' $ f s b n j d 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f 7 0 6 5 7 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " 7 * / 7 7 7 - ) $ * / ' & m f d u s p m z u j d ' $ f s b n j d $ - ' $ f s b n j d 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f 7 0 6 5 7 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " 7 * / 7 7 - ) $ * / ' & m f d u s p m z u j d ' $ f s b n j d $ - ' $ f s b n j d 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ 0 v u q v u 7 p m u b h f 7 0 6 5 7 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " 7 * / 7 7 - ) $ * / ' & m f d u s p m z u j d ' $ f s b n j d $ - ' $ f s b n j d 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 404 4 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ & g g j d j f o d z & ' ' * 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " & g g j d j f o d z & ' ' * 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " & g g j d j f o d z & ' ' * 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " & g g j d j f o d z & ' ' * 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " - ) $ * / ' & m f d u s p m z u j d ' $ f s b n j d $ - ' $ f s b n j d 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ - ) $ * / ' & m f d u s p m z u j d ' $ f s b n j d $ - ' $ f s b n j d 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ - ) $ * / ' & m f d u s p m z u j d ' $ f s b n j d $ - ' $ f s b n j d 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ - ) $ * / ' & m f d u s p m z u j d ' $ f s b n j d $ - ' $ f s b n j d 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 7 * / 7 7 7 7 7 * / 7 7 7 * / 7 7 * / (2) efficiency vs. output current 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 9 $ 4 f s j f t 405 4 (3) ripple voltage vs. output current - ) $ * / ' & m f d u s p m z u j d ' $ f s b n j d $ - ' $ f s b n j d 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ 7 0 6 5 7 ' 0 4 $ l ) [ 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " 3 j q q m f 7 p m u b h f 7 s n 7 q q 7 * / 7 7 3 j q q m f 7 p m u b h f 7 s n 7 q q - ) $ * / ' & m f d u s p m z u j d ' $ f s b n j d $ - ' $ f s b n j d 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " - ) $ * / ' & m f d u s p m z u j d ' $ f s b n j d $ - ' $ f s b n j d 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 7 7 7 * / 7 3 j q q m f 7 p m u b h f 7 s n 7 q q 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " 7 3 j q q m f 7 p m u b h f 7 s n 7 q q 7 7 * / 7 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " - ) $ - ' 5 b o u b m v n $ * / ' 5 b o u b m v n 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 3 j q q m f 7 p m u b h f 7 s n 7 q q 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " 3 j q q m f 7 p m u b h f 7 s n 7 q q - ) $ - ' 5 b o u b m v n $ * / ' 5 b o u b m v n 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 0 v u q v u $ v s s f o u * 0 6 5 n " 7 * / 7 7 * / 7 7 * / 7 7 7 - ) $ * / ' & m f d u s p m z u j d ' $ f s b n j d $ - ' $ f s b n j d 3 4 & / n $ % % ' $ f s b n j d 4 % 6 ' 8 + / $ ( " * / q ' $ f s b n j d 5 s 9 1 " 1 3 note : if the difference between the input and output voltage is large or small, switching on / off time will be shortened. as such, the external components used and their values ( inductance value of the coil, resistor connected to clk, capacitor etc. ) may have a critical influence on the actual operation of the ic. 4 @ 9 $ yf ?? 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